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[...]a large number of lecturers called in sick or declared that they were unable to attend for health and safety reasons. The transition required the following steps: prompt communication with the students about the new modus operandi;staff training on the use of Teams;setting up of Teams exam meetings;evaluation and re-design of the exam content. Another clear benefit of Teams meetings is the centrally stored video recordings for all examinations, which can be used for quality assurance purposes, that is, checking by external examiners, in potential student appeals or academic misconduct investigations. Unstable or poor Internet connection;2. student camera turned off;3. hardware issues with the camera or microphone;4. background noise and echo;5. poor student or examiner information technology (IT) skills.
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[...]flexibility ensures that students feel included and stay interested in learning. [...]dealing with varied genres allows students to get acquainted with different registers of the language. [...]the lack of physical classes also resulted in a lack of group activities. [...]as part of its policy of inclusion, JNU offers admission to students with visual impairment and also offers extra classes for them. [...]for overcoming the impersonal nature of online teaching, I made sure to get each student to speak in the class. The purpose was to ensure that students were active during the entire class. [...]I had to make sure that whilst recording the teaching session, I started recording only after having played the DW video.
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Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread adoption of mobile devices, video-based online learning has emerged as a critical mode of education. However, empirical research on the determinants of online learning behavior and intention among video users remains scarce. To explore the factors influencing the continuous intention of users to engage in YouTube video-based online learning, the present study drew on the perceived value theory and the ECM perspective to construct a model. This study is a quantitative study in which 669 valid data were collected from online users of online learning and communication communities through online questionnaires distributed by non-probability sampling, and the constructed model was tested using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 27.0. The results revealed that perceived value had a positive direct effect on continuous intention and an indirect effect through satisfaction on continuous intention. Therefore, to effectively and sustainably promote video-based online learning, measures should be taken to enhance users' continuous intention and retention. Thereafter, suggestions for further research were proposed.
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We are presenting you this issue of ABAC ODI JOURL Vision . Action. Outcome with ten articles on topics on managing innovation in teaching on various levels and disciplines such as the arts, language, and film ;as well as research articles on organization development interventions that generated change on organizations .Hui Tan and Laura Brahmakasikara's article " A Blended Learning Design to Improve Non-Music Students' Knowledge of Chinese Traditional Music in Hunan Agriculture University” is a quasi-experiment research that determined how blended Chinese Traditional Music Appreciation Course using Superstar Learning Application improves the Chinese traditional music knowledge of non-music majors.The article "Factors Influencing the Use of Ubiquitous Learning in Higher Education in Sichuan, China in the Aftermath of Covid-19 Pandemic” by Meizi Huang utilized confirmation factor analysis and structural equation modeling on data analysis . Results showed that intention to use has the strongest effect on actual system use;effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and social influence except performance expectancy has positive affect the intention to use u-learning.Zhao Lina and Laura Brahmakasikara's article " Adopting a Blended Learning Approach for Teaching Chinese Classical Dance” explored the effectiveness of the blended Chinese classical dance course in improving the dance performance of dance students at the College of Art and Design at Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, China."An Application of Video Recording Technology to Enhance the Key Leader Engagement Performance at SWCS” written by Timothy Guy Burgess involved the introduction of video recording technology into a classroom of military students to enhance Key Leader Engagement (KLE) performance. The research determined the effectiveness of using video recording technology in improving the students' level of performance in the Special Forces Warrant Officer Technical and Tactical Certification at the U.S. Army Special Warfare Center and School.Jianjun Xue and Watana Vinitwatanakhun's article " Improving Students' English Proficiency by Enhancing the Motivation through Organization Development Intervention— An Action Research Study of a Local University in China” discusses how organization development interventions enhance students' language learning motivation . Results show that language learning motivation has significant impacts on students' language proficiency.The article " Reflective Coaching for the Development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Biology Teachers in Thailand” by Nunnapat Thilaworrakan and Ladapa Ladachart is qualitative research that explored the effects of reflective coaching on developing pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of biology teachers regarding cell biology. The article authored by Thida Tin and Papitchaya Wisankosol on "Enhancing Supportive Leadership, Affective Organizational Commitment, and Work Engagement: A Participatory Action Research Approach” reports how work engagement and affective commitment were enhanced through organizational development interventions (ODI) at the Gold Power Company Limited (GPCL). The results indicate that the use of ODI improved supportive leadership . affective organizational commitment, and work engagement .The article of Mohammad Shazzad Hossain and Chompu Nuangjamnong on the "Development of E-Readiness Scale in Blended Learning in Filmmaking Program for a Private University in Bangladesh – Initial Stage” develop a unified scale to assess the higher education institute's e-readiness that will identify their strengths and weaknesses and formulate a plan for creating an e-learning environment. The results indicated that the compiled instruments are good to excellent and that the institutional e-readiness scale could assess the e-readiness of other universities in Bangladesh.The research " Improving EFL Students' Critical Thinking Skills through Organization Development Inter ention Strategies at Zhejiang Yuexiu Univers ty in China” by Chen Yang and Joanne C. Preston is a quasi-experimental design that determined the effectiveness of Organization Development Intervention(ODI) in developing second-year EFL students' CT skills in a private university in China. The findings reveal that collaborative learning is useful in developing the students' CT skills, while instructors need to utilize various techniques to foster team members' collaboration skills.The 10th article by Thein Than Toe and Somchai Tantasanee on "The Impact of Organizational Learning and Organizational Innovation on Organizational Performance: A Case of an Internet Service Provider in Myanmar " is a mixed method research that showed that organizational innovation has greater impact on organizational performance than organizational learning;organizational learning impacts organizational innovation . The qualitative findings implied that the organization chosen for the research must take on initiatives to promote organizational learning and innovation .The contributions of our authors to this issue are valuable for knowledge sharing of their research on various disciplines and methodologies. We hope that their research will be beneficial to our readers and as support in furthering future related research .
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The authors present this article as a blend of facts and the authors' experiences since little is currently known about interactions within the virtual world. Employees are finding that virtual meetings occur too often. In most cases, they are uninteresting and lack engagement for the participants. These combined factors lead to virtual meeting burnout and participants' multitasking instead of involvement. Continuous virtual meetings cause stress and, subsequently, other health issues;this article is a call to OD practitioners to help develop techniques to alleviate these issues. Engagement may be the solution to lessening these virtual meeting problems. The first part of the article describes what we know about virtual meetings. The last part of the article gives specific coaching directions for your clients in ways that they can increase engagement in a variety of meetings. Virtual meetings will remain in our lives and may be one of the major ways people communicate with each other. Organization development professionals in the past were the ones that increased the effectiveness and human potential of in-person meetings through the development of techniques and research. Because virtual meetings happen daily, there is a belief that we know a great deal about this form of interaction, but there is little research confirming this belief. We provide some next steps for organization development consultants and scholar-practitioners to start thinking creatively about this media, research, write, and develop innovative technology. Virtual meetings need engagement, and we are the ones with the skills to make a difference.
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Opportunities to participate in physical activities (PA) and fitness exercises in public and private facilities have been reduced or banned due to social distancing regulations during the height of the global pandemic. Though Korea has not experienced lockdown, several venues have been restricted to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Despite the limitations of PA engagement, people have found alternative activities by using online platforms to keep active and fit. Thus, this study focuses on analyzing fitness-related video titles from YouTube. By collecting data through text mining and conducting network analysis, it provides basic knowledge of the fitness trends from pre- and post-Covid-19. As a result, ‘exercise' was found to have the highest tendency and had strong connections to keywords that indicated specific methods of working out to become fit, but it also had connections to trendy keywords such as ‘hip-up' and ‘body-profile' which reflect the fitness culture in Korea.
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Featured ApplicationThe study could be used for sitting posture monitoring in a work-from-home setup. This could also be used for rehabilitation purposes of patients who has posture-related problems.Human posture recognition is one of the most challenging tasks due to the variation in human appearance, changes in the background and illumination, additional noise in the frame, and diverse characteristics and amount of data generated. Aside from these, generating a high configuration for recognition of human body parts, occlusion, nearly identical parts of the body, variations of colors due to clothing, and other various factors make this task one of the hardest in computer vision. Therefore, these studies require high-computing devices and machines that could handle the computational load of this task. This study used a small-scale convolutional neural network and a smartphone built-in camera to recognize proper and improper sitting posture in a work-from-home setup. Aside from the recognition of body points, this study also utilized points' distances and angles to help in recognition. Overall, the study was able to develop two objective datasets capturing the left and right side of the participants with the supervision and guidance of licensed physical therapists. The study shows accuracies of 85.18% and 92.07%, and kappas of 0.691 and 0.838, respectively. The system was developed, implemented, and tested in a work-from-home environment.
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PurposeTo explore the perceived credibility, relevance, legitimacy and accessibility of videos and podcasts in farm extension.MethodsA two-phase mixed methods approach consisting of a pre-COVID online survey of farmers (n = 221), farmer telephone interviews (n = 60) and in-person focus groups of farmers (n = 4) followed by an analysis of how viewers interact with Agricology videos and podcasts, a further online survey (n = 141) and online farmer focus groups (n = 4) during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsIf they are to be perceived as effective extension methods, videos should be short, concise, practical, advert-free and visualise how to implement a practice. Podcasts can be longer, more detailed, and allow multitasking. Both should use farmer-friendly language, be easily accessible, high quality, non-biased, and be created by someone whom farmers respect.Practical implicationsHelps policy-makers and extensionists understand the potential of videos and podcasts and the trade-offs in using them with other forms of extension. The findings are also of use to global advisory services seeking to offer hybridised advice as a result of the ongoing COVID pandemic.Theoretical implicationsElucidates the trade-offs of using videos and podcasts when face-to-face extension is not possible and develops the CRELE framework.OriginalityDiscusses the role of podcasts in farm extension and re-evaluates the role of videos when face-to-face extension is impossible.
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This article draws on the research project Post-abortion narratives shared by Perth women via face-to-face interviews. The project was subsequently disrupted by the arrival of COVID-19 in Perth, Australia, making it necessary to conduct interviews via video call. The experience of using an online platform to conduct interviews became an opportunity to consider more carefully the practice of ‘deep listening'. This kind of listening involves creating an emotional connection with the participant so that the interviewer is able to hear multiple layers of meaning and context. It includes listening mixed with perception in which one can hear the emotions of the other. In a paradigm where the interview is seen as an interaction between two embodied individuals and the interviewer herself is the instrument of research, this article examines the communication that occurs in the space between two co-present, embodied individuals and explicates the practice of deep listening. While interviewing via video call is an excellent tool, I argue that a layer of meaning is removed by the technological medium, which impacts the researcher relationship and thus the ability to listen deeply.
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Recently, the craze of K-POP contents is promoting the development of Korea's cultural and artistic industries. In particular, with the development of various K-POP contents, including dance, as well as the popularity of K-POP online due to the non-face-to-face social phenomenon of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, interest in Korean dance and song has increased. Research on dance Artificial Intelligent (AI), such as artificial intelligence in a virtual environment, deepfake AI that transforms dancers into other people, and creative choreography AI that creates new dances by combining dance and music, is being actively conducted. Recently, the dance creative craze that creates new choreography is in the spotlight. Creative choreography AI technology requires the motions of various dancers to prepare a dance cover. This process causes problems, such as expensive input source datasets and the cost of switching to the target source to be used in the model. There is a problem in that different motions between various dance genres must be considered when converting. To solve this problem, it is necessary to promote creative choreography systems in a new direction while saving costs by enabling creative choreography without the use of expensive motion capture devices and minimizing the manpower of dancers according to consideration of various genres. This paper proposes a system in a virtual environment for automatically generating continuous K-POP creative choreography by deriving postures and gestures based on bidirectional long-short term memory (Bi-LSTM). K-POP dance videos and dance videos are collected in advance as input. Considering a dance video for defining a posture, users who want a choreography, a 3D dance character in the source movie, a new choreography is performed with Bi-LSTM and applied. For learning, considering creativity and popularity at the same time, the next motion is evaluated and selected with probability. If the proposed method is used, the effort for dataset collection can be reduced, and it is possible to provide an intensive AI research environment that generates creative choreography from various existing online dance videos.
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The research aims to critically appraise the quality and validity of information available on YouTube as a source of information for COVID-19 and examine the emotional consequences of COVID-19-related information shared via Twitter. 106 YouTube videos were identified using the COVID-19 associated particular keywords. Two independent observers reviewed the English-language videos as 'useful' or 'misleading'. The Word-Emotion Association (Lexicon) was employed to conduct an emotional analysis of the people regarding COVID-19 via Twitter. 28 videos were classified as 'misleading' while 78 videos were classified as 'useful'. Findings highlighted variations in viewer behaviour in response to different types of videos. YouTube provides a vast amount of information on COVID-19, and integrating particular characteristics could enhance the popularity of YouTube videos. The number of positive sentiment Tweets was approximately equal to the number of negative sentiment Tweets. YouTube has become a significant source of health information during the current crisis. Independent users are more likely to upload misleading videos. Emotional analysis using Twitter data may be utilised by authorities to comprehend the psychological well-being of individuals.
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YouTube videos have been a significant source of public health and food safety misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically. the washing of produce with soap and other substances was promoted in the early stages of the pandemic through YouTube videos. There- fore. we conducted a study to analyze produce washing messaging in YouTube videos posted during. compared to prior to. the COVlD-19 pandemic. Videos were identified via targeted keyword searches. Produce washing meth. ads were coded and classified according to government recommendations. A total of 100 YouTube videos were identified and analyzed: 56 videos were posted during the pandemic and 34 before the pandemic. Of the 100 videos. 70 contained nenfactuel information about produce washing. Videos posted by bloggers were more likely to contain nonfactuel information compared to videos posted by the government and organizations {78 versus 2.9%]. Videos posted during the pandemic were more likely to have nnnfactual information than those posted before the pandemic [56 versus 17%]. This study found that individual. bloggers contributed to the spread of misinformafion about produce washing in YouTube videos, resulting in potentially harmful behavior changes among consumers. Efforts are needed from food safety educators and public health officials to improve the accuracy of fund safety information disseminated on YouTube.
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Focusing on the message creation techniques, this article analyzes the rhetorical devices used for message production in four news agencies, news at 21 pm on channel one of IRIB and Instagram texts during the first months of the spread of the Corona virus. Based on the literature review, research on the management of the production of content related to Covid-19 distributed by the media is important because audiences consume the content in both traditional and modern media and are affected by them. However, previous studies have not analyzed the types of information from the perspective of the rhetorical tools in crisis management. The conceptual framework of the present paper is based on the importance of perception in crisis management and the three categories of Instructing, Adjusting and Internalizing information according to Sturges' theory. The effectiveness of crisis communication depends on the rhetorical and sequence of information presentation during the crisis. So, Instructing information should be provided firstly, then Adjusting information and finally, Internalizing information. Techniques of content production are identified by using qualitative content analysis, identifying the rhetorical devices used in the texts, and the two concepts of schemes and tropes in Leigh's model. Accordingly, a number of 257 news items broadcasted on Iranian National TV, 17519 news items appeared in news agencies and 17 Instagram pages with more than 1000 followers have been analyzed. The findings show that content production techniques can be separated from three perspectives: a) Presentation format: Interview, film, conversation, animation, comic, vector, PowerPoint, and diagram are common formats. b) Content production methods: comparison, explanation, naming, metaphor, emphasis, simplification, and sensitization. c) Content production purpose: the common objectives are judgment, education, informing, hopefulness, panic. In concluding: The presentation format on Instagram has been more diverse than that of television and news agencies. Among the types of content, videos and especially videos that have humorous content and Islamic medicine, have been viewed more than others. Confrontation with anti-science can be seen in news agencies and Instagram, but 21 pm TV broadcasts do not pay attention to this issue. TV and news agencies have used tropes, but no scheme has been used on Instagram. The effectiveness of the content influencing on the behavior change decreases in Instagram, news agency and television, respectively.
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In a cross-sectional study of 100 parents of children with infantile spasms, the median time from spasm onset to first visit with any health care provider was 5 days, but the median time from onset to first visit with an "effective provider" (one who provided both accurate diagnosis and prescription for appropriate first-line treatment) was 24 days,5 a delay attributed at least in part to poor awareness of the condition among providers.5 Given that worse outcomes may be associated with even a 1-week delay in treatment from onset, it is critical that pediatric health care providers are proficient in recognizing this condition.67 Clinical features Infantile spasms An infantile spasm is brief and abrupt, generally 1 to 3 seconds, with muscle contraction that can include the head, neck, trunk, and/or extremities. Home video recording, first advised by the Child Neurology Society to streamline IESS management at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, has since been endorsed as a continued recommendation toward timely intervention.4 In preparing to evaluate a patient with possible IESS, pediatricians should ask caregivers to record suspected events. The EEG pattern during the spasm itself is a high-amplitude sharp or slow wave followed by a relative electrodecrement. Because the interictal EEG is generally abnormal, it is not necessary to capture a spasm during the EEG recording to support the diagnosis. Workup for an underlying etiology if not known is important not only because some are associated with other health concerns requiring monitoring and intervention, but also because it can guide management, as some etiologies may respond better to different treatment approaches.9 Identification may also guide appropriate counseling of families, including prognostication and possible genetic counseling.
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The spread of Covid-19 has made facemask a critical artifact for people all over the world. Mediating between (non-)wearers and their environment, facemask makes people aware of a set of morally relevant distinctions and sometimes forces decisions on them. In fact, the semiotics of "facemask in use” largely shapes the parameters for human practice and experience in the epidemic. Drawing on the techno-moral mediation concept [Verbeek, 2008. "Obstetric Ultrasound and the Technological Mediation of Morality: A Postphenomenological Analysis.” Human Studies 31 (1): 11–26], we explore how anti-epidemic promotional videos released by Chinese authorities build facemask-related narratives in the Covid-19 epidemic. Findings reveal that "facemask in use” links people's "smaller love” for family to a "bigger love” for Chinese people in general;transforms an individual to member of a large group of commoner-turned-protectors;or marks the military's loyalty and obedience to the Party-State, which makes possible the "Chinese speed” in saving lives. We add to extant literature by unraveling an entanglement between the moralization of facemask-wearing and China's traditional values, social institutions and media newsroom culture about disaster coverage. This scrutiny into the "face-masking morality in the making” implies that the power to frame the cultural significance of facemask induces an alternative mode of techno-moral change, which may outlast the epidemic itself.
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The confinement caused by Covid-19 has accelerated the expansion of social networks such as TikTok (Tamara, 2020), which is experiencing profound growth among younger users. The centennials in this network focus mainly on the production and dissemination of tutorials, vídeo selfies, choreographies or humorous videos designed to entertain their followers (Suárez-Álvarez and García-Jiménez, 2021). However, the platform can also be used to give a voice to minorities, report situations of inequality or claim the rights of certain groups (Sánchez-Castillo and Mercado-Sáez, 2021). To this end, the network launched the hashtag #ThingsTheyTellMe;an inclusive initiative to promote the fight against inequality and discrimination against people. This hashtag invites citizens to denounce the exclusion they have suffered at certain times in their lives. The aim of the study is to identify the issues addressed in the publications and to find out the evaluations issued by a group of experts on these issues. The methodology consists of two different qualitative techniques: content analysis and a focus group. A content analysis sheet and a semi-structured questionnaire were prepared, both of which were developed in-house. After analysing a total of 200 videos and learning about the perceptions of three PhDs in communication and three PhDs in education, it was observed that the prosumers of this network have reported situations of rejection based on place of birth, gender, physical appearance, sexual orientation, profession, family composition, beliefs or hobbies. In conclusion, the diversity of issues addressed shows that TikTok represents an ideal showcase for combating inequalities, but it is necessary to develop other complementary actions, in the communication and educational sphere, to generate lasting positive change over time.Alternate abstract:El confinamiento provocado por el Covid-19 ha acelerado la expansión de redes sociales como TikTok (Tamara-Quiroz, 2020), que está experimentado un profundo crecimiento entre los usuarios más jóvenes. Los centennials de esta red se centran principalmente en la producción y difusión de tutoriales, videoselfies, coreografías o vídeos en tono humorísticos diseñados para entretener a sus seguidores (Suárez-Álvarez y García-Jiménez, 2021). Sin embargo, la plataforma también puede ser empleada para dar voz a las minorías, denunciar situaciones de desigualdad o reivindicar los derechos de determinados colectivos (Sánchez-Castillo y Mercado-Sáez, 2021). Con este propósito, la red puso en marcha el hashtag #Cosas que me dicen;una iniciativa inclusiva para fomentar la lucha contra la desigualdad y la discriminación que sufren las personas. Este hashtag invita a los ciudadanos a denunciar la exclusión que han sufrido en determinados momentos de sus vidas. El objetivo del estudio es identificar las temáticas abordadas entre las publicaciones y conocer las valoraciones emitidas por un grupo de expertos sobre estas. La metodología se compone de dos técnicas cualitativas diferentes: el análisis de contenido y un focus group. Se preparó una ficha de análisis de contenido y un cuestionario semiestructurado, ambos de elaboración propia. Tras analizar un total de 200 vídeos y conocer las percepciones de tres doctores en comunicación y tres doctores en educación, se observa que los prosumidores de esta red han denunciado situaciones de rechazo originadas por el lugar de nacimiento, el género, el aspecto físico, la orientación sexual, la profesión, la composición de sus familias, las creencias o las aficiones. A modo de conclusión, la diversidad de temas tratados muestra que TikTok representa un escaparate idóneo para luchar contra las desigualdades, pero es necesario desarrollar otras acciones complementarias, en el ámbito comunicativo y educacional, que permitan generar un cambio positivo perdurable en el tiempo.
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PurposeMost previous studies on new technologies and services have concentrated on their acceptance, seldom exploring in depth why users may choose not to accept technology or service and remain "non-users.” This study aims to understand free platform users' intention to switch to paid subscription platforms.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized push-pull-mooring (PPM) theory to investigate free OTT platform viewers' switching intentions toward paid OTT platforms. A research model was established and examined via a two-stage partial least square (PLS) method. A total of 446 free users were collected from Facebook and Line for data analysis.FindingsResults show that perceived intrusiveness is the push factor and alternative attractiveness is the pull factor and that both have a positive impact on the switching intention of non-subscribers. Habit represents the mooring factor and negative affects switching intention. Perceived convenience and perceived enjoyment are shown to be two significant habitual antecedents. Furthermore, habit is revealed to moderate the effect of users' perceived advertisement intrusion and alternative attractiveness on switching intention to strengthen positive impact when the habit is strong.Originality/valueThis study is one of the pioneering studies to consider free-to-paid switching behavior on media services using PPM's structural equation model. Contrary to previous research, the study found that, in the context of the free-to-paid transition, highly accustomed users' perception of pull factors and push factors were strengthened, thus generating the tendency to switch platforms.
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Though information technology has been edging its way into English education for years, students and teachers were thrown into new digital dilemmas in 2020 when the onset of COVID-19 normalized digital learning. The emergence of TikTok as a primary communication tool, especially for high school youth, quickly became worrisome. Not only was the app used for entertainment and surrogate social interaction, but it also became a platform for public health mis- and disinformation concerning COVID-19. English teachers have much to learn from the precarious endeavor of using social media to address urgent literacy issues, including public health literacy. What can or should English educators do about the amplification of dangerous content on TikTok? What are the risks, challenges, and affordances of supervised engagement? The pandemic amplified global precarity, highlighting disproportionate vulnerabilities based on age, race, gender, and other intersectional factors. Humans' interdependence underscores the need to examine unequal conditions in the English classroom.
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We investigate the impact of medium of communication (in-person versus video) on intraspeaker variation in conversation—a process we refer to as medium-shifting. To quantify the effects of medium-shifting and understand its possible motivations, we analyze three variables that show intraspeaker effects of "clear” or "careful” speech: articulation rate, density-controlled vowel space area, and (ING). The data come from matched in-person and video-mediated interviews with thirty-three repeat guests from The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, recorded before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mixed-effects regression models show that compared to in-person interviews, video-mediated interviews involve a significantly lower articulation rate and larger vowel space, but no significant difference in (ING). The results suggest that speakers may engage in medium-shifting in order to enhance their intelligibility over video, for example, through more precise articulatory movements and greater contrast between phonemic vowel categories. The null effect of medium on (ING) further suggests that medium-shifting is a motivator of intraspeaker differences even within a single contextual style. An emergent extralinguistic factor affecting speaking behavior and choices, medium-shifting should be carefully considered especially when designing variationist research involving mixed media interviews.
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The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted ways in which HIPAA should be reformed to address issues with using telehealth services. HHS' Notification of Relaxed Enforcement allows health care providers to offer telehealth services through common platforms such as Facebook Messenger and FaceTime, and thus patients with limited access to more advanced video platforms can connect with their health care team without inperson contact. Although this increased flexibility allows patients and health care providers to easily connect, it also raises privacy concerns. The Notification of Relaxed Enforcement states that OCR will use its enforcement discretion to determine whether to penalize health care providers who utilize non-HIPAA compliant platforms. Allowing providers to use non-HIPAA compliant platforms for telehealth services invites possible security risks to patients' private health information. The risks highlighted from the use of non-HIPAA compliant platforms also highlights inadequacies in HIPAA as it stands outside of a public health emergency.